Saturday, November 22, 2008

National hero

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Pattimura_2



Pattimura lieutenant named Thomas Matulessy native, born in this country Haria, Saparua, Maluku year 1783. Perlawanannya against Dutch colonialism in the year 1817 had a grasp on Saparua Dutch fort for three months after the previous hamstring all Dutch soldiers in the fort is. But he eventually caught. Dutch colonial court suspended the sentence. Execution is carried out on 16 December 1817 finally snatch soul.
Pure resistance shown by this hero with keteguhannya who does not want to compromise with the Netherlands. Several times the Dutch government inducement that he is willing to cooperate as a condition of releasing hanging never menggodanya. He was selected in the autumn air as the pillar of the Putra Kesuma than live as a free penghianat who will be lifelong disesali mothers womb melahirkannya.
In the history of European nations in the archipelago, many parts of Indonesia that have been occupied by two colonial countries in turn. Sometimes perpindahtanganan control from one country to another is sometimes even officially done, without struggling. Thus Maluku region, this area was occupied by the Dutch and then switch domination by the English and back again by the Netherlands.
Thomas Matulessy own once control of the turnover. In the year 1798, the Maluku region previously occupied by the Netherlands changed its domination by British troops. When the British government took place, Thomas Matulessy was signed in the UK and military agencies have an important position last Sergeant.
But 18 years after the British government in Maluku, precisely in the year 1816, the Netherlands back in power. Once the Dutch government in power again, the people suffering Maluku direct experience. Various forms of pressure are common, such as work order, pemaksaan delivering agricultural products, and others. Does not receive proof pressures, the people finally agreed to make any resistance to liberate themselves. Resistance initially occurred in Saparua then quickly spread to other areas throughout the Moluccas.
In Saparua, Thomas Matulessy elected by the people to lead the resistance. For that, he was captain Pattimura dinobatkan title. On 16 May 1817, an extraordinary battle that occurred. Saparua people under the leadership of captain Pattimura successful jockey Duurstede fortress. Dutch soldiers in the fortress that all died, including the Resident Van den Berg.
Dutch troops who then sent to retake the fort was also destroyed army lieutenant Pattimura. Consequently, the fort for three months was successfully mastered Patimura army lieutenant. However, the Netherlands does not want to give the board the fortress. Netherlands and make large-scale operation to mobilize more troops equipped with more modern weapons. Pattimura forces finally overwhelmed and beaten back.
In a house in the Siri Sori, lieutenant Pattimura successfully arrested Dutch troops. Together with some members pasukannya, he was brought to Ambon. There several times that he be prepared to cooperate with the Dutch government, but always ditolaknya.
Finally, he tried in the Court and the Dutch colonial hanging even be him. However, the Netherlands still hopes Pattimura berobah attitudes still want to be ready in cooperation with the Netherlands. One day before the execution hanging was conducted, Pattimura still be. But it shows kesejatian Pattimura perjuangannya still reject the inducement that. Victoria in front of the fortress, Ambon on 16 December 1817, the execution was carried out.
Pattimura lieutenant killed as National Heroes. From perjuangannya he left implicit message to the heir to the nation that has never sell ourselves honor, family, nation, and especially this country. Read More...Baca selanjutnya...

BIOGRAPHY THOMAS MATULESSY

1. MASA Pattimura life that has meaning as a leader of the people is too short, approximately seven months just to get a broader picture of the man or the depth Thomas Matulessia, so that means for the people Pattimura figures can only be understood when he was placed in a climate of war as a commander war. He is also the community's life as normal children of the people, so that the new act and actions can be understood, when we know the circumstances in how people are at that time.
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3. In semcam climate that is born a son, named Thomas, from the family Matulessia. He was born in the year 1783 in the country Haria. Frans Matulessia marriage and Fransina Silahoi birth to two sons are among the next Johannis Thomas better known as the captain Pattimura.
4. Boyhood Thomas unknown people. He was a child among hundreds of ordinary people's children Haria da Porto. He was a son of Lease beribu the same boat with thousands of children from the third island in the living cengkraman because of lack of monopoly Kompeni. During the little he saw people sekampungnya including the father and uncle and his brother, was forced to work order.
5. In such atmosphere that Thomas became increasingly mature, and understand how heavy the burden of the people. At the time Thomas was thirteen years old change of government occurred. On a day at the end of the year in February 1796, resident told the king that one Saparua arombai prepared for mengangkutnya to Ambon, as called by the governor Cornabe. Go it with military commanders and pengawalnya to the capital. Upon return, the masnait broadcast news that there is a tremendous rush in the city of Ambon. Ship-British war ships anchored in the harbor. They see the flag fly at the British fort Victoria, while the British army patrol and parade in the streets.
6. British commanders as envoys from Laksamana Pieter British governor in Ambon, the language through an interpreter conveyed the message from the king Willem V fled to a small town in the UK because of the war with France where the king has issued instructions in the "Kew letter" so that all in the Dutch colony Kompeni Africa and Asia to the UK because the Netherlands has been occupied by France.
7. During the UK government is running a lot of money circulating in the community. Production people are paid fairly reasonable. Welfare dipertinggi again with the establishment of a military corps of Ambon, which is quite high salaried and uniformed both. Government diperlunak country. Kings and the governor is not allowed to punish people. Freedom of movement used by Thomas and youths Lease time to paddle to Ambon.
8. When the announcement was issued to call young men to join the UK, Thomas and his friends immediately enrolled and received in the Corps of Ambon with the five hundred young men haria other. Thomas has been a man, tegab strong and sturdy body. He shows competence, skill and leadership that exceed his friends, so he quickly move up. He was a leader of friends, from the sergeant and a sergeant major.
9. During the perjuangannya, among others, Thomas with his friends overthrow Benteng Duurstede inhabited by the Resident and relatives and pengawalnya, and sepasukan soldiers and a number of people borgor. At the time of the morning assault that Thomas also was a lieutenant in the army's lead. Meanwhile, troops moving Pattimura and shoot the soldiers who are busy working outside the fort until the next day and in the violent atmosphere of war was on 6 March 1817, the kings and the governor to invite people to gather at the border Tiow, in this discussion lieutenant expand the war situation that faced the people.
10. After some stage struggle / war lieutenant Patimura aground in the struggle and he was succeeded by the Netherlands. Date 18 November 1817 Eversten (Netherlands) Saparua to leave Ambon with the thirty-three soldiers are injured, including a gash Meyer and a number of prisoners, of which twenty two war leaders, with Overste Groot Reygersbergen to depart on Hila dated 23 November, ready to go to Seram, with the accompaniment kora-kora alifuru Ternate and Tidore, then Thomas (Kapittan Patimura) and friends brought to Ambon.
11. Arriving in Ambon Thomas and his friends be caged in a cell in Benteng Victoria. After the interrogation stage, at the beginning of December 1817 the leaders on the war are Ambonsche Raad van Justiti (Council of the Court in the South) that diketuai JHJ. Moorress and the public prosecutor RH. Cateau van Rosevelt's Timmerman. After meeting several times vonis be. Four leaders, namely Thomas Matulessia (Pattimura), Said Command, Anthone Rhebok and Philips Latumahina be hanging until death, while Thomas got additional punishment that is mayatnya will swing in the iron cage to be on people with a view to menakut-nakuti people.
12. Thomas Matulassia men Kabarasi, burly in the battlefield, burly also the dust of death. With tegab without doubt it a gallows. Arriving on the views posted to the top of the head of their enemies, look far to get there where the people stand up, the people that he wanted to dibebaskannya. But it was not successful. Now he will redeem perjuangannya with the soul raganya. The time has arrived, butcher string twist his neck. Eyes directed to their enemies, stop at the master-master judge. "Congratulations to stay master-master," the parting words of Thomas Matulessia. Drum sounds .... and farewell to the afterlife, heroes. Sacrifice you have provided. But the enemies have not been satisfied. Thomas Jenazahnya included in the iron cage, swing, and then brought to the major eastern city. There, the hero is not a soul on view to the people.
13. Pattimura captain has completed baktinya. Enthusiasm radiate from year to year, to provide inspiration for young Pattimura-Pattimura that rise forward perjuangannya, liberate people from the chains of occupation Read More...Baca selanjutnya...

Friday, November 21, 2008

HISTORY MALUKU VI (exhausted)

This obligation is based on a sense of social obligation, moral and ritual, there is no nuance of the economy in it. The nuances of social obligation, moral, and this ritual, does not reduce or interfere with the adherence to the teachings of the religion of the Children's Affairs in each of these different religions, and even taste consolidate mutual respect religious differences between the two of these. The pattern of relations with the People Son Trading, dipererat by economic interest, from each group. So which is the glue of social relationships antarkedua community groups, this is not religious, but economic transactions. This happened, because, in general, most people who come Trading of Buton, occupy and use land owned petuanan Affairs Sarani. Meanwhile, The Trading of other origin, in the general pattern of social relationships with the Children's Affairs direkatkan kinship by marriage or because other social work. Therefore, the views of The Children of Trade coming from another country, different from that came from outside Maluku Tengah. Trading of people from the other, is still seen as a cultural entity, while the People of the Trade Center from outside Maluku, seen as a newcomer, and people outside the cultural unity.

Kewajiban ini didasari atas rasa kewajiban sosial, moral dan ritual, sama sekali tidak ada nuansa ekonomi di dalamnya. Kewajiban yang bernuansa sosial, moral dan ritual ini, tidak mengurangi ataupun mengganggu kepatuhan terhadap ajaran agama yang dianut oleh Anak Negeri tiap Negeri yang berbeda agama ini, bahkan mempertebal rasa saling menghargai perbedaan agama antar kedua Negeri tersebut. Pola hubungan Anak Negeri dengan Orang Dagang, dipererat oleh kepentingan ekonomi, dari masing-masing kelompok. Sehingga yang menjadi perekat hubungan sosial antarkedua kelompok masyarakat ini bukan agama, tetapi transaksi ekonomi. Hal ini terjadi, karena pada umumnya Orang Dagang yang terbanyak berasal dari Buton, mendiami dan menggarap lahan milik petuanan Negeri Sarani. Sedangkan Orang Dagang asal Negeri lain, pada umumnya pola hubungan sosial dengan Anak Negeri direkatkan oleh kekerabatan karena perkawinan atau pekerjaan sosial lain. Sebab itu, pandangan Anak Negeri terhadap Orang Dagang yang berasal dari Negeri lain, berbeda dengan yang berasal dari luar Maluku Tengah. Orang Dagang dari Negeri lain, masih dilihat sebagai suatu kesatuan budaya, sedangkan terhadap Orang Dagang dari luar Maluku Tengah, dilihat sebagai pendatang dan orang di luar kesatuan budaya.


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HISTORY OF MALUKU V

Children Affairs, this consists of two groups embraces religion, the State Children Sarani to the Christian religion, which inhabit Affairs (Traditional Village) Sarani, and Children's Affairs Salam for the Islamic religion, which inhabit Affairs (Traditional Village). Both these groups of people generally live in communal-communal (State) that separate, except in some villages such as Hila, Larike and Tial on the island of Ambon.
Employees called Trading is the migrants, both because of wedlock with Children Affairs, and as the tasks of the community (teachers, registered nurse, orderly agriculture, and others), or because of economic activity (productive land or forest product collector, or traders). So, people in a State Trading, can be derived from the Maluku native who came from other State, or immigrants from outside Maluku, which is derived from Buton, and ethnic Chinese and Arabic.

Gotong Royong

Special immigrants from outside Maluku, the dominant ethnic group in terms of quantity is enis Buton. Trading people from outside Maluku to come and settle in the State, either berbaur with Children Affairs and a communal Petuanan State in the other, more dominated by economic interests. Trading of people who come from the descendants of Arabic or Chinese, come and occupy a State of the amount is very small, namely only one or a few families. They present this as traders who do not establish a separate communal from the Children's Affairs, but in the community berbaur Children Affairs. Social contact between the State Children from two or more State, occurred because of kinship relations, which terakomodasi in many different forms, including trained and Gandong, or because the relationship of economic and social others, such as children's education, or religious events and days great statesman. Conversely, social contact between the child with the State Employees Trade, which mainly came from outside Maluku, occurred because of the economic activities, so that the pattern of relationship the two groups of people is more motivated by economic interests only.

In antropologis and the sociological, then in the social life, especially in rural areas in Central Maluku, there are three of the community, namely Children's Affairs Sarani, a Children's Affairs, Trade and People. Adhesives one social group among the other groups, different. Social glue that binds social relationships Sarani Children's Affairs and Children Affairs Salam, among other prominent is the cultural values or trained Gandong believed to have the strength Supernatural, which greatly affect the social behavior of this second group of people. Bound culture exists in practice is visible from the nature of cooperativeness between the two Affairs related Impleme or gandong. The nature of cooperativeness this reality in the area of identity to enter sensitive groups, namely the construction of houses of worship, where the State Sarani feel obliged to prepare the material (usually wood) and together build a mosque. However, the State Peace feel obliged to prepare building materials and together build the church.

Anak Negeri ini, terdiri atas dua kelompok pemeluk agama, yaitu Anak Negeri Sarani untuk yang beragama Kristen, yang mendiami Negeri (Desa Adat) Sarani, dan Anak Negeri Salam untuk yang beragama Islam, yang mendiami Negeri (Desa Adat). Kedua kelompok masyarakat ini umumnya hidup dalam komunal-komunal (Negeri) yang terpisah, kecuali di beberapa desa seperti Hila, Larike dan Tial di Pulau Ambon.
Yang disebut Orang Dagang ialah para pendatang, baik karena ikatan perkawinan dengan Anak Negeri, maupun karena tugas-tugas pelayanan masyarakat (guru, mantri kesehatan, mantri pertanian, dan lain-lain), atau karena aktivitas ekonomi (penggarap tanah atau pemungut hasil hutan, atau pedagang). Jadi, Orang Dagang di sebuah Negeri, dapat berasal dari orang Maluku asli yang berasal dari Negeri lain, ataupun pendatang dari luar Maluku, yaitu yang berasal dari Buton, dan suku bangsa Cina serta Arab.

Gotong Royong

Khusus pendatang dari luar Maluku, etnis yang dominan dari segi kuantitas ialah enis Buton. Orang Dagang dari luar Maluku ini datang dan menetap dalam Negeri, baik secara berbaur dengan Anak Negeri maupun membentuk suatu komunal lain dalam Petuanan Negeri, lebih didominasi oleh kepentingan ekonomi. Orang Dagang yang berasal dari keturunan Arab atau Cina, datang dan mendiami sebuah Negeri dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil, yaitu hanya satu atau beberapa kepala keluarga. Mereka ini hadir sebagai pedagang yang tidak membentuk komunal yang terpisah dari Anak Negeri, tetapi berbaur dalam komunitas Anak Negeri. Kontak sosial antar Anak Negeri dari dua atau lebih Negeri, terjadi karena hubungan kekerabatan, yang terakomodasi dalam berbagai wujud termasuk Pela dan Gandong, atau karena hubungan ekonomi maupun sosial lain, seperti pendidikan anak, atau acara-acara keagamaan maupun hari-hari besar kenegaraan. Sebaliknya, kontak sosial antara Anak Negeri dengan Orang Dagang, terutama yang berasal dari luar Maluku, terjadi karena kegiatan ekonomi, sehingga pola hubungan kedua kelompok masyarakat ini lebih dimotivasi oleh kepentingan ekonomi semata.

Secara antropologis dan sosiologis tersebut, maka sesungguhnya dalam kehidupan sosial, terutama pada daerah pedesaan di Maluku Tengah, terdapat tiga pengelompokan masyarakat, yaitu Anak Negeri Sarani, Anak Negeri Salam, dan Orang Dagang. Perekat sosial antar satu kelompok dengan kelompok lainnya, berbeda-beda. Perekat sosial yang mengikat hubungan sosial Anak Negeri Sarani dan Anak Negeri Salam, antara lain yang menonjol ialah nilai-nilai budaya Pela atau Gandong yang diyakini mempunyai kekuatan supranatural yang sangat mempengaruhi perilaku sosial kedua kelompok masyarakat ini. Wujud keterikatan budaya ini secara praktis terlihat dari sifat kegotong-royongan antar kedua Negeri yang mempunyai hubungan pela atau gandong. Sifat kegotong-royongan ini dalam realitasnya memasuki area identitas kelompok yang sensitif, yaitu dalam hal pembangunan rumah ibadah, dimana Negeri Sarani merasa wajib untuk menyiapkan bahan bangunan (biasanya kayu) dan bersama-sama membangun mesjid. Demikian sebaliknya, Negeri Salam merasa wajib untuk menyiapkan bahan bangunan dan bersama-sama membangun gereja.

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HISTORY OF MALUKU IV

Valves Gandong trained as a Security in Northeast

In antropologis, Central Maluku native people came from two large islands, namely Pulau Seram and Buru Island, which then migrate to the small islands in the surrounding areas. Migrants from the island of Seram Island spread to Lease (Island Haruku Island, Saparua Island, Nusalaut) and the island of Ambon. The impact of migration on the role of Lease Islands as a new cultural center that diintrodusir by the colonial Dutch, so that occurred between the assimilated culture with a new definition of Culture Seram gain influence from the surrounding culture, the culture of Melanesia (Kakean tradition) and Malay, and the power of Ternate and Tidore . In order to control the population, the Dutch colonial government, people from the mountains down to the coastal area, so that communities with the territory called Hena or safe, renamed the State, which was created by the colonial past.

In the process of socio-historical, states of this group in particular religious community, so that arose two groups of people based on religion, then known as Ambon Sarani and Ambon Salam. Establishment of the country such as this shows a totality of the cosmos that congeal solidarity groups, but essentially vulnerable to the possibility of conflict. Therefore, dikembangkanlah a pattern of conflict management as a reflection of traditional knowledge and wisdom to overcome the vulnerability of local conflicts referred to as trained, Gandong and other kinship relations.
Territory-new territory this (state) government is set structure similar to the structure of government in the Netherlands. With the structure of government so, the states to "countries" with small government, the people and certain territories, led by the king appointed from klen-klen certain that govern the generations, and power in the country to be divided for klen in communities throughout the country.

In the process of planning the structure of state government, institutions of social changes, such as Saniri State, which was the institution of justice, changed the function become a representative body of people.
In the socio-historical development of the next, the social contacts between the indigenous communities and between the Central Maluku community with the original immigrants. Thus, in Central Maluku community known two social groups or categories, namely The Children's Affairs and Trade. Children's Affairs, which is called a native of Central Maluku in a country (Traditional Village).

Pela Gandong sebagai Katup Pengaman di Maluku


Secara antropologis, masyarakat asli Maluku Tengah berasal dari dua pulau besar, yaitu Pulau Seram dan Pulau Buru, yang kemudian bermigrasi ke pulau-pulau kecil di sekitarnya. Para migran dari Pulau Seram menyebar ke Kepulauan Lease (Pulau Haruku, Pulau Saparua, Pulau Nusalaut) dan Pulau Ambon. Migrasi ini memberi dampak terhadap peran Kepulauan Lease sebagai pusat kebudayaan baru yang diintrodusir oleh kolonial Belanda, sehingga terjadi asimilasi antara kebudayaan baru dimaksud dengan Kebudayaan Seram yang mendapat pengaruh dari kebudayaan sekitarnya, yaitu kebudayaan Melanesia (tradisi Kakean) dan Melayu, serta kekuasaan Ternate dan Tidore. Dalam rangka pengawasan terhadap penduduk, pemerintah kolonial Belanda menurunkan penduduk dari pegunungan ke pesisir pantai, sehingga komunitas-komunitas dengan teritori yang disebut Hena atau Aman, berganti nama dengan Negeri, yang diciptakan oleh kolonial.

Dalam proses sosio-historis, negeri-negeri ini mengelompok dalam komunitas agama tertentu, sehingga timbul dua kelompok masyarakat yang berbasis agama, yang kemudian dikenal dengan sebutan Ambon Sarani dan Ambon Salam. Pembentukan negeri seperti ini memperlihatkan adanya suatu totalitas kosmos yang mengentalkan solidaritas kelompok, namun pada dasarnya rentan terhadap kemungkinan konflik. Oleh sebab itu, dikembangkanlah suatu pola manajemen konflik tradisional sebagai pencerminan kearifan pengetahuan lokal guna mengatasi kerentanan konflik dimaksud seperti Pela, Gandong dan hubungan kekerabatan lainnya.
Teritori-teritori baru ini (negeri) diatur struktur pemerintahannya yang mirip dengan struktur pemerintahan di Negeri Belanda. Dengan struktur pemerintahan demikian, maka negeri-negeri menjadi "negara-negara" kecil dengan pemerintah, rakyat dan teritori tertentu, dipimpin oleh raja yang diangkat dari klen-klen tertentu yang memerintah secara turun-temurun, dan kekuasaan di dalam negeri dibagi-bagi untuk seluruh klen dalam komunitas negeri.

Dalam proses penataan struktur pemerintahan negeri, terjadi perubahan institusi sosial, seperti Saniri Negeri yang sebelumnya merupakan lembaga peradilan, berubah fungsi menjadi semacam badan perwakilan rakyat.
Dalam perkembangan sosio-historis selanjutnya, terjadi kontak-kontak sosial baik antar masyarakat asli Maluku Tengah maupun antara masyarakat asli dengan pendatang. Dengan demikian di masyarakat Maluku Tengah ini dikenal dua kelompok atau kategori sosial, yaitu Anak Negeri dan Orang Dagang. Yang disebut Anak Negeri ialah penduduk asli Maluku Tengah dalam sebuah negeri (Desa Adat).

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HISTORY OF MALUKU III

The era of World War Two

Redirecting the Pacific War December 7, 1941 as part of World War II record a new era in the history of colonialism in Indonesia. Governor General of the Netherlands A.W.L. Tjarda van Starkenborgh, through radio, the government stated that the Dutch East Indies in the war with Japan. Japanese army did not seize many difficulties in the archipelago of Indonesia. In the Maluku Islands, Japanese troops entered from the north through the island of Morotai and east through the islands Misool. In a short time all the Maluku Islands can be mastered Japanese. Please note that in World War II, Australian soldiers had combat against the Japanese army in the village Tawiri. And, for memperingatinya monument built in the village Tawiri Australia (not far from the Pattimura Airport).

Two days after Independence Proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia, Maluku declared as a province of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the establishment of the position and the Maluku Province, when it must be done in Jakarta, for immediately after the surrender of Japan, the Netherlands (NICA) directly enter Maluku and revive the system of governance in the Colonial Northeast. Netherlands continue to try to control the region rich with spice-rempahnya this - even after the recognition of sovereignty in 1949 - sponsored by the "Republic of South Maluku (RMS).

Culture

Socio-cultural values that it has been in public life is one of the Maluku capital increase for the unity and community spirit, including the development in this area. Relationships of kinship and cultural customs must be encouraged so that they can create synergy on the efforts to build a new Maluku in the future. Supporting culture in Maluku consists of hundreds of sub-tribes, which can be from the users local language that is known to still be used as active 117 from the number of local languages which have more than 130s. Although people in this area reflect the characteristics of a multi-cultural society, but basically have the same parity-cultural values as a collective representation. One of them is the philosophy that Siwalima during this institutionalized as a world view or perspective on the life of the community together in diversity. In this philosophy, which contained various regulation have common values and can be found in all regions of Maluku. A cultural institution such as masohi, maren, sweri, sasi, hawear, Impleme gandong, and others. The philosophy Siwalima definition has become a symbol of identity area, because this is dipaterikan as a logo and the Government of Maluku. In the context of regional development, the values of local culture that still exist and live in the community, can be seen as social capital that need to be used for the interest of regional development

Era Perang Dunia Ke Dua

Pecahnya Perang Pasifik tanggal 7 Desember 1941 sebagai bagian dari Perang Dunia II mencatat era baru dalam sejarah penjajahan di Indonesia. Gubernur Jendral Belanda A.W.L. Tjarda van Starkenborgh , melalui radio, menyatakan bahwa pemerintah Hindia Belanda dalam keadaan perang dengan Jepang. Tentara Jepang tidak banyak kesulitan merebut kepulauan di Indonesia. Di Kepulauan Maluku, pasukan Jepang masuk dari utara melalui pulau Morotai dan dari timur melalui pulau Misool. Dalam waktu singkat seluruh Kepulauan Maluku dapat dikuasai Jepang. Perlu dicatat bahwa dalam Perang Dunia II, tentara Australia sempat bertempur melawan tentara Jepang di desa Tawiri. Dan, untuk memperingatinya dibangun monumen Australia di desa Tawiri (tidak jauh dari Bandara Pattimura).

Dua hari setelah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, Maluku dinyatakan sebagai salah satu propinsi Republik Indonesia. Namun pembentukan dan kedudukan Propinsi Maluku saat itu terpaksa dilakukan di Jakarta, sebab segera setelah Jepang menyerah, Belanda (NICA) langsung memasuki Maluku dan menghidupkan kembali sistem pemerintahan colonial di Maluku. Belanda terus berusaha menguasai daerah yang kaya dengan rempah-rempahnya ini – bahkan hingga setelah keluarnya pengakuan kedaulatan pada tahun 1949 – dengan mensponsori terbentuknya "Republik Maluku Selatan" (RMS).

Budaya

Nilai-nilai sosial budaya yang telah mengakar dalam kehidupan masyarakat Maluku merupakan salah satu modal dasar bagi peningkatan persatuan dan kesatuan termasuk menyemangati masyarakat dalam melaksanakan pembangunan di daerah ini. Hubungan-hubungan kekerabatan adat dan budaya harus terus didorong sehingga dapat menciptakan sinergitas yang andal bagi upaya bersama membangun Maluku Baru di masa mendatang. Pendukung kebudayaan di Maluku terdiri dari ratusan sub suku, yang dapat diindikasikan dari pengguna bahasa lokal yang diketahui masih aktif dipergunakan sebanyak 117 dari jumlah bahasa lokal yang pernah ada kurang lebih 130-an. Meskipun masyarakat di daerah ini mencerminkan karakteristik masyarakat yang multi kultur, tetapi pada dasarnya mempunyai kesamaan-kesamaan nilai budaya sebagai representasi kolektif. Salah satu diantaranya adalah filosofi Siwalima yang selama ini telah melembaga sebagai world view atau cara pandang masyarakat tentang kehidupan bersama dalam kepelbagaian. Di dalam filosofi ini, terkandung berbagai pranata yang memiliki common values dan dapat ditemukan di seluruh wilayah Maluku. Sebutlah pranata budaya seperti masohi, maren, sweri, sasi, hawear, pela gandong, dan lain sebagainya. Adapun filosofi Siwalima dimaksud telah menjadi simbol identitas daerah, karena selama ini sudah dipaterikan sebagai dan menjadi logo dari Pemerintah Daerah Maluku. Dalam konteks pembangunan daerah, nilai-nilai budaya lokal yang masih ada dan hidup di kalangan masyarakat, dapat dipandang sebagai modal sosial yang perlu dimanfaatkan bagi kepentingan pembangunan daerah

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HISTORY OF MALUKU II

Dutch era

Maluku people's resistance against the Portuguese, the Dutch used to set foot in Maluku. In the year 1605, the Netherlands successfully forced the Portuguese to submit pertahanannya in Ambon to Steven van der Hagen and the Tidore to Cornelisz Sebastiansz. Similarly, the British stronghold in Kambelo, Seram Island, was destroyed by the Netherlands. Since that time the Dutch have successfully mastered most of the Northeast region.
The position of the Netherlands in Maluku stronger with the establishment of VOC in the year 1602, and since that time the Dutch authorities into a single in the Moluccas. Under the leadership of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Chief Operating VOC, trade clubs in the Northeast sepunuh under the control of VOC for nearly 350 years. For the purposes of this VOC not shrink oust competitors; Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Even tens of thousands of people become victims of brutality Maluku VOC. At the beginning of year 1800 began attacking the UK and take control of the areas of power, such as the Netherlands in Ternate and Banda. And, in the year 1810 English Maluku control by placing a regiment general named Martin Bryant. However, according to the London Convention that year in 1814 decided the UK should give back all Dutch colony to the Dutch, the Netherlands starting in 1817 set back power in Maluku.

Heroes

Return of Dutch colonial in 1817 received strong challenges from the people. This is because the political, economic, and social relations that bad for two centuries. Maluku people finally rose up arms under the leadership of Thomas Matulessy given the degree lieutenant Pattimura, a former British army sergeant major. On May 15, 1817 attacks launched against the stronghold Duurstede''Dutch''on the island of Saparua. Resident van den Berg killed. Pattimura in this match, assisted by his friends; Latumahina Philip, Anthony Ribok, and Said command. The first victory is the spirit of resistance across the Northeast. Paul Tiahahu and daughter Christina Martha Tiahahu struggle in the island Nusalaut, and the lieutenant Ulupaha in Ambon. But resistance is ultimately the people with full trickery and chicanery can ditumpas power Netherlands. Pattimura on 16 December 1817 uninspiring in the gallows, in Fort Niew, Victoria, Ambon. Meanwhile, Christina Martha Tiahahu died on the cruise ships to their island of Java and jasadnya released to the Banda sea.

Era Belanda

Perlawanan rakyat Maluku terhadap Portugis, dimanfaatkan Belanda untuk menjejakkan kakinya di Maluku. Pada tahun 1605, Belanda berhasil memaksa Portugis untuk menyerahkan pertahanannya di Ambon kepada Steven van der Hagen dan di Tidore kepada Cornelisz Sebastiansz. Demikian pula benteng Inggris di Kambelo, Pulau Seram, dihancurkan oleh Belanda. Sejak saat itu Belanda berhasil menguasai sebagian besar wilayah Maluku.
Kedudukan Belanda di Maluku semakin kuat dengan berdirinya VOC pada tahun 1602, dan sejak saat itu Belanda menjadi penguasa tunggal di Maluku. Di bawah kepemimpinan Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Kepala Operasional VOC, perdagangan cengkih di Maluku sepunuh di bawah kendali VOC selama hampir 350 tahun. Untuk keperluan ini VOC tidak segan-segan mengusir pesaingnya; Portugis, Spanyol, dan Inggris. Bahkan puluhan ribu orang Maluku menjadi korban kebrutalan VOC. Pada permulaan tahun 1800 Inggris mulai menyerang dan menguasai wilayah-wilayah kekuasaan Belanda seperti di Ternate dan Banda. Dan, pada tahun 1810 Inggris menguasai Maluku dengan menempatkan seorang resimen jendral bernama Bryant Martin. Namun sesuai konvensi London tahun 1814 yang memutuskan Inggris harus menyerahkan kembali seluruh jajahan Belanda kepada pemerintah Belanda, maka mulai tahun 1817 Belanda mengatur kembali kekuasaannya di Maluku.

Pahlawan

Kedatangan kembali kolonial Belanda pada tahun 1817 mendapat tantangan keras dari rakyat. Hal ini disebabkan karena kondisi politik, ekonomi, dan hubungan kemasyarakatan yang buruk selama dua abad. Rakyat Maluku akhirnya bangkit mengangkat senjata di bawah pimpinan Thomas Matulessy yang diberi gelar Kapitan Pattimura, seorang bekas sersan mayor tentara Inggris. Pada tanggal 15 Mei 1817 serangan dilancarkan terhadap benteng Belanda ''Duurstede'' di pulau Saparua. Residen van den Berg terbunuh. Pattimura dalam perlawanan ini dibantu oleh teman-temannya ; Philip Latumahina, Anthony Ribok, dan Said Perintah. Berita kemenangan pertama ini membangkitkan semangat perlawanan rakyat di seluruh Maluku. Paulus Tiahahu dan putrinya Christina Martha Tiahahu berjuang di Pulau Nusalaut, dan Kapitan Ulupaha di Ambon. Tetapi Perlawanan rakyat ini akhirnya dengan penuh tipu muslihat dan kelicikan dapat ditumpas kekuasaan Belanda. Pattimura pada tanggal 16 Desember 1817 dijatuhi hukuman mati di tiang gantungan, di Fort Niew Victoria, Ambon. Sedangkan Christina Martha Tiahahu meninggal di atas kapal dalam pelayaran pembuangannya ke pulau Jawa dan jasadnya dilepaskan ke laut Banda.

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HISTORY OF Maluku I

History of Maluku

Maluku province is one of the oldest in the history of independent India, known as the Thousand Island area has a diversity of social and cultural wealth and natural drawing. This region is declared as the province along with seven other regions; Kalimantan, Sudanese Small, East Java, Central Java, West Java, and Sumatra - only two days after the nation proclaim independence on 17 August 1945. However, officially the establishment of Maluku province as a regional level RI I just happen 12 years later, based on the Emergency Law Number 22 of 1957 which was replaced by Law No. 20 of 1958.

Local History

Like other areas in Indonesia, Maluku has a long history of travel and can not be released from the history of Indonesia as a whole. The area of the archipelago which is rich with spices is known in the international world since yore. In the early centuries-7 sailors from mainland China, especially in the Tang Dynasty era, frequently visited Maluku to search for spices. However, they deliberately secrecy to prevent the arrival of other nations kedaerah this.

In the century to the 12th power of the Kingdom of the beach area include the Maluku Islands.




In the early 14 th century Majapahit Kingdom control all the sea areas of Southeast Asia. At that time traders from Java monopolize the spice trade in Maluku.

In the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1643) spices from the Moluccas introduced in the various works of art and history. In a painting works W.P. Groeneveldt titled Mount incense, Moluccas Described as a mountainous area of green trees and filled clubs - a relaxing oasis in the sea southeast. Marco Polo also describes the trade clubs in the Northeast in the visit in Sumatra.

Portuguese era

The first European nation to find the Maluku is Portuguese, in the year 1512. At that time, 2 Portuguese fleet, each under the leadership Anthony d'Abreu and Francisco Serau, landed at the Banda Islands and the Turtle Islands. After they formed a friendship with the kings and local - as with the Kingdom of Ternate on the island of Ternate, the Portuguese were given permission to establish stronghold in Pikaoli, long used to large begitupula State, and in Mamala Island Ambon.Namun trade relations spice is not prolonged , As the Portuguese system monopoly to apply at once to make the spread of Christianity.
One of the missionaries is the famous Francis Xavier. Arrived in Ambon 14 February 1546, and then continue the journey to Sokoto, arrived in the year 1547, and she tired to make visits to the islands in the Maluku Islands to the spread of religion. Portuguese Friendship and Thornton ended in tahun1570.Peperangan with Sultan Babullah for 5 years (1570-1575), Portuguese must create lift from the legs and terusir Ternate and Ambon to TidoreSejarah Maluku

Maluku merupakan salah satu propinsi tertua dalam sejarah Indonesia merdeka, dikenal dengan kawasan Seribu Pulau serta memiliki keanekaragaman sosial budaya dan kekayaan alam yang berlimpah. Daerah ini dinyatakan sebagai propinsi bersama tujuh daerah lainnya; Kalimantan, Sunda Kecil, Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat, dan Sumatera – hanya dua hari setelah bangsa Indonesia memproklamasikan kemerdekaannya pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945. Namun secara resmi pembentukan Maluku sebagai propinsi daerah tingkat I RI baru terjadi 12 tahun kemudian, berdasarkan Undang Undang Darurat Nomor 22 tahun 1957 yang kemudian diganti dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 tahun 1958.

Lintasan Sejarah

Seperti daerah-daerah lainnya di Indonesia, Kepulauan Maluku memiliki perjalanan sejarah yang panjang dan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari sejarah Indonesia secara keseluruhan. Kawasan kepulauan yang kaya dengan rempah-rempah ini sudah dikenal di dunia internasional sejak dahulu kala. Pada awal abad ke-7 pelaut-pelaut dari daratan Cina, khususnya pada zaman Dinasti Tang, kerap mengunjungi Maluku untuk mencari rempah-rempah. Namun mereka sengaja merahasiakannya untuk mencegah datangnya bangsa-bangsa lain kedaerah ini.

Pada abad ke-12 wilayah kekuasaan Kerajaan Sriwijaya meliputi Kepulauan Maluku.


Pada awal abad ke-14 Kerajaan Majapahit menguasai seluruh wilayah laut Asia Tenggara. Pada waktu itu para pedagang dari Jawa memonopoli perdagangan rempah-rempah di Maluku.

Dimasa Dinasti Ming (1368 – 1643) rempah-rempah dari Maluku diperkenalkan dalam berbagai karya seni dan sejarah. Dalam sebuah lukisan karya W.P. Groeneveldt yang berjudul Gunung Dupa, Maluku digambarkan sebagai wilayah bergunung-gunung yang hijau dan dipenuhi pohon cengkih – sebuah oase ditengah laut sebelah tenggara. Marco Polo juga menggambarkan perdagangan cengkih di Maluku dalam kunjungannya di Sumatra.

Era Portugis

Bangsa Eropa pertama yang menemukan Maluku adalah Portugis, pada tahun 1512. Pada waktu itu 2 armada Portugis, masing-masing dibawah pimpinan Anthony d'Abreu dan Fransisco Serau, mendarat di Kepulauan Banda dan Kepulauan Penyu. Setelah mereka menjalin persahabatan dengan penduduk dan raja-raja setempat - seperti dengan Kerajaan Ternate di pulau Ternate, Portugis diberi izin untuk mendirikan benteng di Pikaoli, begitupula Negeri Hitu lama, dan Mamala di Pulau Ambon.Namun hubungan dagang rempah-rempah ini tidak berlangsung lama, karena Portugis menerapkan sistem monopoli sekaligus melakukan penyebaran agama Kristen.
Salah seorang misionaris terkenal adalah Francis Xavier. Tiba di Ambon 14 Pebruari 1546, kemudian melanjutkan perjalanan ke Ternate, tiba pada tahun 1547, dan tanpa kenal lelah melakukan kunjungan ke pulau-pulau di Kepulauan Maluku untuk melakukan penyebaran agama. Persahabatan Portugis dan Ternate berakhir pada tahun1570.Peperangan dengan Sultan Babullah selama 5 tahun (1570-1575), membuat Portugis harus angkat kaki dari Ternate dan terusir ke Tidore dan Ambon

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Wednesday, November 19, 2008

ZIARAH ke MAKAM PAHLAWAN



SEMARANG 15 / 5 Pattimura Warning Day, a member of the Armed Forces, students and residents Maluku Semarang joined in the Maluku Plymouth Community Association (MASOHI), and perform Pilgrimage Tabur Interest in the Makam Pahlawan Park (Giri Tunggal) in Semarang, these activities to commemorate resistance Saparua Maluku people who led or lieutenant Thomas Matulessy Pattimura the battle against Dutch colonists on 16 May 1817 and successfully seize Benteng DUURSTEDE.
Between Toto / R. Rekotomo/mes/08

Semarang 15/5 Peringatan Hari PATTIMURA, Sejumlah anggota TNI, Mahasiswa dan Warga masyarakat Maluku Semarang yang tergabung dalam Ikatan Masyarakat Maluku Semarang (MASOHI), melakukan Ziarah dan Tabur Bunga di Taman Makam Pahlawan (Giri Tunggal) di Semarang, kegiatan tersebut untuk memperingati perlawanan rakyat Saparua Maluku yang dipimpin Thomas Matulessy atau Kapitan PATTIMURA yang bertempur melawan penjajah Belanda pada 16 Mei 1817 dan berhasil merebut Benteng DUURSTEDE.
Toto Antara/R. Rekotomo/mes/08
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